Thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries that are less than 15 micrometers (0.0006 inches) thick (about the thickness of Saran Wrap™) were developed by Dr. John B. Bates and his team of scientists and engineers from more than a decade of research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Unlike conventional batteries, thin film batteries can be deposited directly onto chips or chip packages in any shape or size, and when fabricated on plastics or thin metal foils, the batteries are quite flexible. Some of the unique properties of thin-film batteries that distinguish them from conventional batteries include:

All solid state construction Can be cycled thousands of times with negligible loss of capacity Can be operated at high and low temperatures (tests have been conducted between -20°C and 125°C) Can be made in any shape or size; Superior energy and power densities Cost does not increase with reduction in size (constant $/cm²) Completely safe under all operating conditions.

Thin-film lithium-ion batteries have the additional advantage of being unaffected by heating to 300 degrees centigrade. Many integrated circuits or IC's are assembled by the solder reflow or surface mount process in which all of the electronic components are soldered on the board at the same time by heating to temperatures as high as 280°C for a few minutes. Conventional batteries, such as coin or button cells, contain organic liquid electrolytes that cannot survive such temperatures and therefore must be added to the circuits as a separate component, often manually.

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